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At first glance, one antenna seems to tower over the rest. In reality, perspective makes the nearest dish dominate this Picture of the Week, while a line of antennas appears to shrink into the distance beneath the clear blue sky. They belong to the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), an international observatory in northern Chile in which ESO is a partner.
ALMA consists of 66 antennas that work together rather than as separate telescopes. They combine the signals they receive using a technique called interferometry, creating a virtual telescope as large as the distance between the outermost antennas. The antennas can be repositioned across the site: placed close together, they are well suited to map broad cosmic structures, while spreading them across larger distances – of up to 16 kilometers – allows astronomers to distinguish much finer details.
Instead of visible light, ALMA detects millimetre and submillimetre radiation, which lies between infrared and radio waves. This light comes from some of the coldest material in the Universe, including clouds of gas and dust where stars are born and discs where planets take shape. Seen in this image, the antennas show that ALMA’s strength lies not in the single dishes, but in the way all 66 of them, work together as one.